1. What is dry mouth and why
is it a concern?
The medical term xerostomia (zeer-O-stow-mee-ah), commonly
known as dry mouth, is more a symptom rather than a specific
disorder. Dry mouth is the lack of saliva needed to maintain
much needed hydration and moisture to the tissues. Chronic
or severe dry mouth can lead to a host of conditions and
dental problems that include discomfort in the oral cavity,
sore throat, pain or difficulty with swallowing, altered
sense of taste, increase risk of cavities, plaque and bacteria,
gum disease and bad breath.
2. What causes dry mouth?
The most common cause of dry mouth is related to prescription and over-the-counter
medications. The categories of medications that most commonly cause dry
mouth are allergy, high blood pressure and anti-anxiety medications,
as well as drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Other causes
of dry mouth include smoking and chewing tobacco, chronic alcohol consumption
and use of alcohol mouthrinses, medical conditions such as AIDS/HIV,
diabetes, and auto-immune diseases such as Sjogren’s syndrome and
rheumatoid arthritis. Cancer treatments such as radiation
therapy can lead to decreased salivary flow.
3. What are the common signs of dry mouth?
Signs of dry mouth may include frequent thirst, chronic
bad breath, dry and cracked lips, especially at the corners
of the mouth, sores in the mouth, chronic hoarseness and/or
sore throat lasting more than 10 days, sticky dry feeling
in the mouth, burning sensation on the tongue and a tongue
that appears dry, raw and red.
4. Is there treatment for dry mouth?
The treatment for dry mouth is determined by the cause,
which is why it is important not to ignore signs that are
associated with this symptom. With early detection, proper
management can be implemented and dramatically reduce the
risks associated. If medications are the culprit, a physician
may be able to change or make dosage adjustments that can
alleviate side effects. For transient dry mouth, it is advised
to manage the habits that are known to cause and/or contribute
to dry mouth. Additionally there are over-the-counter agents
such as artificial saliva, saliva substitutes, mouth moisteners,
sprays, sugar-free gums and mints which all help to stimulate
salivary flow. Consistent professional attention and meticulous
oral hygiene is essential for optimal health, increased oral
comfort and minimizing oral complications.
5. What are the side effects associated with dry mouth
if left untreated?
If left untreated, chronic dry mouth will undoubtedly lead
to a significant increase in overall bacteria accumulation
in the mouth. This increase in bacteria can lead to a serious
risk of cavities throughout the mouth, bad breath, gingivitis,
gum disease, as well as viral and fungal infections. Because
dry mouth can be the symptom of an underlying systemic disease,
it should not be ignored. Without early detection, a condition
can persist undiagnosed resulting in additional health complications.
Additionally, it should be recognized that dry mouth
is not necessarily the result of aging. It is believed that
the increased frequency of dryness in elderly individuals
is the result of systemic disease and medication use, both
more common in the aging population. |